By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. They liked to kid me about my radical ideas. [22][16] Another part of her team designed and developed the systems software. Hamilton was cast after Gale Sondergaard, who was first considered for the role, albeit as a more glamorous witch with a musical scene, declined the role when the decision was made that the witch should appear ugly.[6]. Biography in: "The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives". In reality, she cared deeply about children, frequently giving to charitable organizations. And I asked him what part, and he said, 'The Witch,' and I said, 'The Witch?!' She was director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for NASA's Apollo program. [19] She later moved to Millbrook, New York. In 2019, she was awarded The Washington Award. Only co-star Frank Morgan played more roles (five) in the film. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. View popular celebrities life details, birth signs and real ages. [54][60] The IEEE Software September/October 2018 issue celebrates the 50th anniversary of software engineering. As she grew, she quickly developed a passion for mathematics and decided to work in this domain. Under her married name of Margaret Meserve, she served on the Beverly Hills Board of Education from 1948 to 1951. MIT's instrumentation lab received the contract for the Apollo guidance and control systems on Aug. 9, 1961, when the United States had accomplished only two spaceflights both with just one crewmember on board, and both in suborbital space. Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Hamilton-American-computer-scientist, Space.com - Margaret H. Hamilton: Apollo Computer Programmer, Wired - Her Code Got Humans on the Moon - And Invented Software Itself, Margaret Hamilton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Margaret Hamilton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), National Aeronautics and Space Administration. is 5'(1.52m) . Omissions? "Every time the CPU approached overload, the software cleared out its entire queue of processes, restarted its functions; allowing only the highest priority ones to perform until the landing was completed," she said. [13][14][15] Her work contributed to Lorenz's publications on chaos theory. She appeared, uncredited, in Joseph L. Mankiewicz's People Will Talk (1951) as Sarah Pickett. Hamilton was the recipient of various honours, including NASAs Exceptional Space Act Award (2003). When I was the beginner they gave it to me as well. There was no second chance. "The award included the largest financial award that NASA had ever presented to any individual up to that point. "Hamilton contributed to concepts of asynchronous software, priority scheduling and priority displays, and human-in-the-loop decision capability, which set the foundation for modern, ultra-reliable software design and engineering," the citation for her medal read. President Barack Obama presents Apollo code developer Margaret Hamilton (at left) and "Apollo 13" actor Tom Hanks (right) with the Presidential Medal of Freedom on Nov. 22, 2016. She played Morticia Addams' mother, Hester Frump, in three episodes of The Addams Family. In 1954, she graduated from Thomas Hancock High School in Minnesota. In recent years, a striking photo of Hamilton and her teams Apollo code has made the rounds on social media and in articles detailing her key contributions to Apollo 11's success. American software engineer and businesswoman, American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist. Dedication and commitment were a given. She was severely burned during the "Surrender Dorothy!" Hamilton's plain looks helped to bring steady work as a character actress. Hamilton also appears as an unidentified flying witch during the tornado scene, which may have been the Wicked Witch of the West or her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East. She often remarked about children coming up to her and asking her why she had been so mean to Dorothy. CAPE ISLAND Tour boat operators sometimes entertained their passengers by referring to Cape Island as "Witch's Island." That's because the primary resident there, during summers from 1961 to 1985, was Margaret Hamilton, the actor who played the Wicked Witch of the West and Elmira Gulch in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.. They're scared. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. As an adult, she worked on NASA's Apollo program, creating computer programs to guide spacecraft to and from the moon. What are the characteristics of the Solar System? Discover Margaret Hamilton's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 1958. The studio hired a new stunt double, Aline Goodwin, to finish the broomstick-riding scene for Danko.[9]. [38] Paul Curto, senior technologist who nominated Hamilton for a NASA Space Act Award, called Hamilton's work "the foundation for ultra-reliable software design".[23]. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. She was contributing writer for Space.com (opens in new tab) for 10 years before joining full-time, freelancing since 2012. Barack Obama presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. Hamilton was concerned with legitimizing software development as an engineering discipline. We have estimated [7] Studio executives cut some of Hamilton's more frightening scenes, worrying they would frighten children too much. Discover today's celebrity birthdays and explore famous people who share your birthday. UConnToday, 23 April 2013. She strove to work as much as possible to support herself and her son; she never put herself under contract to any one studio and priced her services at $1,000 ($18,800 with inflation[4]) a week.[5]. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, And sometimes when I go to schools, if we're in an auditorium, I'll do it. marriedcelebrity; April 19, 2019; Celebrity Gossip; Born as Margaret Heafield, she is an American system engineer, computer scientist and a woman entrepreneur as well. It then sent out an alarm, which meant to the astronaut, 'I'm overloaded with more tasks than I should be doing at this time and I'm going to keep only the more important tasks'; i.e., the ones needed for landing Actually, the computer was programmed to do more than recognize error conditions. [4] She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1955 before transferring to Earlham College, where her mother was a student;[7][8] she earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy in 1958. ", is co-written with astronaut Dave Williams. Pufnstuf herself being spoofed by actress Billie Hayes. She appeared on Broadway in the musical Goldilocks opposite Don Ameche and Elaine Stritch, gave a lighter touch to the domineering Parthy Anne Hawks in the 1966 revival of Show Boat (dancing with David Wayne), and was the tender Aunt Eller in the 1968 Lincoln Center revival of Oklahoma!. While her acting career developed, her marriage began to fail; the couple divorced in 1938. When asked about her experiences on the set of The Wizard of Oz, Hamilton said her biggest fear was that her monstrous film role would give children the wrong idea of who she really was. Her husband is Paul Boynton Meserve (13 June1931 - 20 May1938)( divorced)( 1 child). The computer was overloaded with interrupts caused by incorrectly phased power supplied to the lander's rendezvous radar. That has been my favorite book since I was four.' Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. She had three grandchildren, Christopher, Scott, and Margaret. and they continued. A century earlier, she had a worthy British predecessor named Ada Lovelace. In that role, she took the lead on the software used to govern the flight dynamics of the Apollo spacecraft, which were used for six landing missions between 1969 and 1972. She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented on November 22, 2016 by the President of the United States, for her brilliant work during the Apollo missions in the 1960s. It was a memorable day when one of the most respected hardware gurus explained to everyone in a meeting that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. The character is considered to be one of the screen's greatest and most memorable villains of all time. and he said 'Maggie, they want you to play a part on the Wizard.' It was July 20, 1969. She had a small role in the made-for-television film The Night Strangler (1973) and appeared as a befuddled neighbor on Sigmund and the Sea Monsters, who is a friend of the very similar Mary Wickes. It meant that if Aldrin, say, hit a button on the priority display too quickly, he might still get a "normal" response. [61] Hamilton talks about "Errors" and how they influenced her work related to software engineering and how her language, USL, could be used to prevent the majority of "Errors" in a system. After graduation she married her first husband, James Cox Hamilton, and . From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. She went on to appear in These Three (1936), Saratoga, You Only Live Once, When's Your Birthday?, Nothing Sacred (all 1937), The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938), My Little Chickadee (with W. C. Fields, 1940), and The Sin of Harold Diddlebock (with Harold Lloyd, 1947). Profiled in "American Classic Screen Interviews" (Scarecrow Press). She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Anthony Oettinger,[53] Barry Boehm,[citation needed] and Hamilton have been credited with naming the discipline of "software engineering". Margaret Hamilton was born on August 17, 1936. Hat, Coat and Glove. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. MIT Museum: Margaret Hamilton Apollo Photos. (196566; Hamilton had been offered the role of Grandmama, but turned it down. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This overloaded the central processing unit during the landing, but fortunately, the software recovered in the heated moments before Apollo 11 touched down. Margaret Hamilton had no trouble reconciling her career at NASA with her mothering role. Played Aunt Eva on the radio series Ethel and Albert in the 1940s and 1950s . In 1939, Hamilton played the role of the Wicked Witch of the West, opposite Judy Garland's Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz, creating not only her most famous role, but also one of the screen's most memorable villains. Guest in the House. Having started on the stage in the early 1930s, she began to work extensively in the theater after leaving Los Angeles. Check out Margaret Hamilton's Bio Now They're really scared for a second. ", /system/people/detail_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton.jpg, /system/people/list_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton_320.jpg. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. [17], Hamilton's early experience as a teacher fueled a lifelong interest in educational issues. In 1954, she graduated from Thomas Hancock High School in Minnesota. [81][80] She briefly taught high school mathematics and French at a public school in Boston, Indiana. Moore Boeck. On August 17, 1936, Margaret Hamilton (ne Heafield) was born to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield in Paoli, Indiana. The solution came from a young Margaret who assured the Mission Director that she could safely ignore the two error messages. Margaret Heafield Hamilton (born Heafield on August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner.She is credited with coining the term, "software engineering".Hamilton was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. Your email address will not be published. In the episode, entitled "Triptych for a Witch," Hamilton played the title role. The company was developed around the Universal Systems Language (USL) and its associated automated environment, the 001 Tool Suite, based on her paradigm of development before the fact for systems design and software development.[32][51][52]. Opposite Bud Abbott and Lou Costello, she played a heavily made-up witch in Comin' Round the Mountain, where her character and Costello go toe-to-toe with voodoo dolls made of each other. Her son, interviewed for the 2005 DVD edition of the film, commented that Hamilton enjoyed the line so much, she sometimes used it in her real life. [27] Margaret Heafield Hamilton is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo programs guidance system. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers.. August 17, 2016. In 1986 Margaret founded the company Hamilton Technologies in Cambridge, Massachusetts. According to Hamilton, this now-iconic image (at left, above) was taken at MIT in 1969 by a staff photographer for the Instrumentation Laboratory later named the Draper Laboratory and today an independent organization for use in promotion of the labs work on the Apollo project. [Related: Apollo Coder and 'Apollo 13' Actor Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom]. There was no second chance. A few years later, they were reunited on Broadway for the short-lived musical Come Summer. The computer (or rather the software in it) was smart enough to recognize that it was being asked to perform more tasks than it should be performing. Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). Although Margaret planned to study abstract mathematics at Brandeis University, she accepted a job at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) while her husband attended Harvard Law School. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Four years later, she obtained the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). She was born on August 17, 1936, which makes Margaret Hamilton age be 82 years old as of now. Hamilton made her debut as a "professional entertainer" on December 9, 1929, in a "program of 'heart rending songs'" in the Charles S. Brooks Theater at the Cleveland Play House. When she was studying at Earlham College, she met James Hamilton. The couple then moved to Boston. What I do?!!! I will return to work on one condition no more fireworks!" During the 1960s and 1970s, Hamilton appeared regularly on television. I guess for a minute they get the feeling they got when they watched the picture. Soon after, Neil Armstrong radioed the expected message to Houston: The Eagle has landed, The Eagle has landed. Hamilton and Morgan never share any scenes in Oz. [2], Margaret Elaine Heafield was born August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana,[3] to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield (ne Partington). After only one crewed mission in Earth orbit Apollo 7 in early 1968 NASA elected to send Apollo 8's command module solo that December on an orbital mission to the moon, out of concerns that the Soviet Union would get there first.
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