His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. There are also lots of stereotypes regarding each race. Neither realized, however, that Sabina needed the car only in the early evening and that Pablo needed it only in the late evening. It's awful what the human race can do, even with the way we . They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. Psychology questions and answers. This is an especially useful way to measure potential biases because it does not simply ask people to openly report on the extent to which they discriminate against others. 1. Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as church membership, then the more religious people have ________. Female 1: I have my ups and downs just like anybody else. b. the mere exposure effect. This best illustrates: It was used in the context of the last major effort by electric utilities . A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. This finding is consistent with the theory that some countries, like the U.S., emphasize an individualistic self-concept. a. Specifically, people see members of an outgroup as more similar to one another in personality than they actually are. Just that morning, a court officer had confiscated a juror's copy of The New York Post with the case on the cover. This best illustrates, Social loafing referes to the tendency for people to, Exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal. Representativeness Heuristic The tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. According to Gallup's polling . Because the attributes of group categories can be either good or bad, we tend to favor the groups with people like us and incidentally disfavor the others. The jury deliberated on the rape case for over 8 hours. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like modern racism, ingroup bias, been more racially prejudiced than others and more. d. physical attractiveness. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The jury . Impact. Highly dominating, highly authoritarian personalities. PPP and ( 1 at p)p)p). c. cognitive dissonance. He believes in strict obedience to authority and is intolerant of weakness in others. HLT. Indicators of aversive racism correlate with discriminatory behavior, despite being the ambiguous result of good intentions gone bad. Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior with his famous Stanford Prison experiment. that most people like women more than men. Social identity is a person's sense of who they are based on their group membership (s). In the United States, for instance, waves of new immigrants such as Chinese people, Irish people, and Italians, were met with open hostility, with attitudes often shifting to the most recent group of immigrants. e. Essentialism. Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that: Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. "Oh, very good," Judge Matsumoto . living in a nice neighborhood denotes ones place in the social hierarchya place reserved for ones in-group members). In terms of basic social categories, the members of Nestor's cross-country ski club are the _____ and the members of the downhill ski club are the _____. Whereas SDO emphasizes potential economic conflicts, RWA focuses on value conflicts. The orientation of all people is "growth, autonomy, and freedom from control by external forces" (Schunk, 2016, p. 349). The tendency to favor an idea, person, or thing over another is known as Multiple Choice rebuttal. This best illustrates that victim blaming is fueled by: "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners.". Research on how we categorize social information suggests that Joie is most likely to believe that most: An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. People are generally faster at pairing their own group with good categories. Most people have a positive view of themselves. "Them"those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup. Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (2010). Joie, age 19, is a Black female university sophomore. The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. Groupthink: . Blatant biases (also called explicit biases) are conscious beliefs, feelings, and behavior that people are perfectly willing to admit, which express hostility toward other groups (outgroups) while unduly favoring ones own group (in-group). Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Explaining behaviors based on a person's characteristics; traits, maturity, etc. Blatant bias is not a thing of the past, however. When people would like a certain idea or concept to be true, they end up believing it to be true. Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Glick, P. (2007). 33. These two simple dimensionswarmth and competencetogether map how groups relate to each other in society. Pablo and Sabina's failure to resolve their argument for their mutual benefit illustrates a failure to develop. For example, by crediting the ingroup for its successes, while blaming external factors for its failures. Categories get more complicated when we apply them to humans. Women are in poverty and are uneducated more. . The groups are supporters of two rival political movements in Thailand and politically neutral subjects. Measured cognitive dissonance by paying participants to $1 or $20 to lie about the enjoyment of a dull task. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. In other words, ingroup bias denotes positive feelings towards one's ingroup, while outgroup bias denotes negative feelings towards outgroups. However, imagine if every time you ate ice cream, you got a brain freeze. In fact, this finding generally holds regardless of whether ones group is measured according race, age, religion, nationality, and even temporary, insignificant memberships. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes. If word-of-mouth hiring practices in an all-White business have the effect of excluding potential non-White employees, the practice could be called: Bill is often described as judgmental, ethnocentric, and punitive. The tendency of people to believe that one gets what one deserves and deserves what one gets is called: In Harber's (1998) study, poorly written essays received high ratings if participants were led to believe they were written by Black students rather than White students. This effect has been researched by many psychologists and linked to many theories related to group . The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Liking yourself and the groups to which you belong is natural. a. The process of pursuing our full potential is what he called the actualizing tendency. Intergroup bias. Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment. a. desensitizing them to violent acts. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. The tenency to favor our own group: Term. (1974). HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. This best illustrates the perceived value of, The tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment stimulated social-psychological research on. The non-rival out-group acts as a reference . The tendency to see the beliefs, values, and customs of one's own culture or group as "right" or "natural" is called a. ethnicity. Katz, D., & Braly, K. (1933). QUESTION 23 The tendency to apply one's own cultural values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures is known as cultural relativism cultural universalism ethnocentrism egocentrism QUESTION 24 Foraging societies practice what . Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor ones own in-group over anothers outgroup. When she gets home in the evening, she criticizes her friend's choice of restaurant for dinner. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. In-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group-out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. Tensions between, say, a White persons own good intentions, on the one hand, and discomfort with closely interacting with a Black person, on the other hand, may cause the White person to behave stiffly or be distracted. Although this is unfair, sometimes the automatic associationsoften driven by societys stereotypestrump our own explicit values (Devine, 1989). How often do you hear people criticizing groups without knowing anything about them? Or even ageist people who feel fond of older adults but, at the same time, view them as incompetent to support themselves and worry about the burden they place on public welfare programs. Does the sender (maker) of a debit memorandum record a debit or a credit in the recipients account? What does the term multicultural mean? Under the proper circumstances, most people can suppress their natural aggressiveness. c. frontal lobes The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. It might be easy to dismiss the IAT findings of the all-too-human tendency toward faster, more favorable processing of ones own group. Distinguish blatant biases from subtle biases. Unit 23. social class, family, football team etc.) A change in behavior following a demand from an authority figure. Intergroup relations. Individualistic culture is to independent self as collectivistic culture is to _______ self. Discrimination is a behavior bias against a person (or group) based on stereotyped beliefs about that group. What entry (debit or credit) does the recipient record? If people hold a negative view of Margaret because they hold negative views about older adults in general, this is prejudice. (c) How does the optimal expenditure on the xxx good vary with ppp ? Here, it is because this outgroup member brings in values or beliefs that the person high in RWA disagrees with, thus threatening the collective values of his or her group. We naturally categorize people by age, language, occupation, ethnicity, income, and many other qualities. a. ingroup bias. a. cognitive dissonance. This reaction is best explained in terms of. c. more; more The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. A groups position on the dimensions of warmth and competence dictate whether we relate to its members with admiration, dehumanizing contempt, competitive envy, or paternalistic caretaking. The point is that SDOa preference for inequality as normal and naturalalso predicts endorsing the superiority of certain groups: men, native-born residents, heterosexuals, and believers in the dominant religion. A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). Instead, when he returns home, he shouts at his son for playing video games. "learners" received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. Early. Tell your classmates what you will visit and what you will do and see there. Then create a word search puzzle using the sentences-without the word as clues.
