The earliest sale on the list below (Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers by Vincent van Gogh) is from March 1987; with a price of 24.75 million (74.1 million in 2021 currency). A jump to $370. An attempt to psychoanalyze the buyer of Leonardo da Vinci's 'Salvator Mundi.' Tim Schneider , November 17, 2017 The scene at Christie's New York on November 15. It's with you at $28 million. He was the auctioneer at the 1994 Christie's sale. Amidst all these delightfully tangled histories, nothing rivals the Salvator Mundi. She spent years restoring the painting, and passionately defends its authenticity in precise detail, pointing out the pentimento under Christ's thumb or a curve of his mouth that could only be Leonardo's. [15] Not listed here in this list is Chinese painter Wang Shaofei's The High Sun, which was appraised for $74 million in 2017.[16]. He decided that the Codex's fair market value was $50 million. TINDERA: Hypothetically though, Simon explained that our logic of taking one drawing and reviewing the sale price of that to extrapolate what a whole manuscript filled with drawings might be worth was something he considered in his own appraisal. Because the Louvre cannot comment on privately-owned works it has not displayed, the book can't be published, and at first, Cole says, the museum denied its existence. Oprah Winfrey had bought the painting in November 2006 at Christie's for nearly $88 million. Or is it? 1 (Royal Red and Blue)", "Claude Monet (18401926), Odalisque couche aux magnolias", "Basquiat Tops Phillips Contemporary Sale at $85 Million", "Titian masterpiece Diana and Callisto saved for nation", "No. The figure more than doubles the existing record for an artwork sold at auction: a $179.4 million bid for a Picasso in 2015. The 16th-century writer Giorgio Vasari indicated that Leonardo cared little for money but was very generous toward his friends and assistants. Also of note is the decorative ceiling painting (1498) he made for the Sala delle Asse in the Milan Castello Sforzesco. But he went even beyond that. I cannot say if he or she will want to be public.. One of my hats I wearI'm a capitalist. On June 11, 2017, Ms. Gund revealed that she intended to use the proceeds from the sale of the painting for a specific purpose: to create a fund that supports criminal justice reform and seeks to reduce mass incarceration in the United States. The Christie's sale itself was a highly staged drama, beginning with a marketing video that showed not the painting but the faces of observers most are ordinary people but one of them is Leonardo DiCaprio looking reverently at the image as if they were seeing Christ himself. That sold for $3.6 million at Sotheby's in New York in 1986. She is a captivating, elegant presence on screen, with a whispery voice and wide eyes behind signature black or red-framed glasses. Thanks for joining me. At the time bin Salman was trying to burnish Saudi Arabia's image by loosening a few restrictions. So, in discussing what the Codex might be worth today, Robert Simon brought up a recent sale of a da Vinci, which was of a teeny, tiny three-inch by three-inch drawing of a bear's head, which sold in July of this year for $12 million. Unless new documentation surfaces (unlikely after all these centuries), or a new scientific method of authentication arrives (also tricky because the work has been so damaged), the mystery may prove eternal. The piece is sold.. "When we chose the title," Andreas Dalsgaard, a producer and a writer of The Lost Leonardo, tells BBC Culture, "the inspiration was partly that the painting is lost right now and the truth is lost, but it was also inspired by movies like the Indiana Jones movies that are full of treasures and treasure hunts.". Since the painting first arrived at the Louvre in 1815, "Mona Lisa" has received plenty of love letters and flowers from admirers. Twenty-eight million. The sale generated a sustained 20 minutes of tense telephone bidding as the auctioneer Jussi Pylkknen juggled rival suitors before a packed crowd of excited onlookers in the salesroom. On July 12, 2011, $75M was equivalent to 53M. Leonardos artistic inclinations must have appeared early. Six million dollars, thank you. An exceptional case is graffiti artist David Choe, who accepted payment in shares for painting graffiti art in the headquarters of a fledgling Facebook. She even has her own mailbox. But some have said that's because he was left-handed, and he didnt want his ink to smear. On the last telephone, 18 million. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Ford House couldn't refuse", "Secret $100 Million Czanne Sale in Detroit artnet News", "Chteau Ptrus Makes a Record-Breaking Saleof Art", Roman Abramovich brings home the $86.3m Bacon and the $33.6m Freud, "Femme assise prs d'une fentre (Marie-Thrse), 1932", Auction; `Blue' Picasso Breaks Record at $51.7 Million, Works by Johns and de Kooning Sell for $143.5 Million, "Russian Billionaire Takes 74% Loss on $85 Million Gauguin", "Now hanging at the Art Institute: Chicago billionaire Ken Griffin's new, $100 million Basquiat canvas", "Ken Griffin Buys Basquiat Painting for More Than $100 Million", The Getty secures masterpiece portrait by Titian, Mark Rothko painting sets post-war auction record, Hopper Painting Sells for Record $91.9 Million at Christies, "ARTnews: Cohen Buys Two Works from Wynn in $120M Deal", David Hockney Painting Sells for $90 Million, Smashing Record for Living Artist, "Post-War and Contemporary Evening Sale Fine Art Auction Search Results Christie's", "Revealed: $72.8m Rockefeller Rothko has gone to Qatar", https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/the-heirs-of-a-jewish-banker-are-taking-a-japanese-company-to-court-over-an-allegedly-nazi-looted-van-gogh/ar-AA15sviM?ocid=msedgntp&cvid=cc9460cf2a05415db49f7eb48ba01da2, "How Robert Rauschenberg 'rewrote the rules of the game', "Report: Alice Walton Was Buyer of Record-Breaking $88.8 M. Rauschenberg at Christie's", A Warhol Leads a Night of Soaring Prices at Christies, Andy Warhol's "Triple Elvis" auction results, "Basquiat's In This Case headlines Christie's inaugural 21st Century Evening Sale at $93,105,000". His notebooks reveal a spirit of scientific inquiry and a mechanical inventiveness that were centuries ahead of their time. PETERSON-WITHORN: Two were da Vinci drawings of draperies. When Leonardo was about 15, his father, who enjoyed a high reputation in the Florentine community, apprenticed him to artist Andrea del Verrocchio. Leonardo da vinci was an Artist, Scientist and Inventor.He was Born in April 15, 1452 in Vinci, Italy. TINDERA: Right. Previewing the lot last month, Christies described the painting of Christ holding a crystal orb in his left hand and raising his right in benediction as the biggest discovery of the 21st century. If you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to ourFacebookpage or message us onTwitter. The unique fame that Leonardo enjoyed in his lifetime and that, filtered by historical criticism, has remained undimmed to the present day rests largely on his unlimited desire for knowledge, which guided all his thinking and behaviour. The alleged vandalism attempt on Sunday left the painting's glass covered in cake frosting. The Nahmad family bought Suprematist Composition in 2008 at Sotheby's, New York, for $60,002,500 ($76million in 2021 dollars) from the heirs of Kazimir Malevich. That estimate sort of got you thinking in another direction, though, right Chase? Later in 2002, Thomson donated his private collection, including the Rubens, to the. TINDERA: So how much is the Codex worth today? And then amid all of this, he buys this one-of-a-kind Leonardo da Vinci manuscript at a Christie's auction for $28 million. It's now been determined that his painting is not, in fact, a da Vinci. The painting, which dates to around 1500, was lost to history for more than 200 years, was damaged and badly restored, and was sold and resold as a minor work, probably by a Leonardo acolyte.. Leonardo devoted 12 yearswith interruptionsto this task. Somewhere in Saudi Arabia, hidden away by order of Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman, is the world's most expensive painting, Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi. Record private sales are believed to include $250m for a painting by Paul Czanne and $300m for a Paul Gauguin. We felt that offering this painting within the context of our postwar and contemporary evening sale is a testament to the enduring relevance of this picture.. Well, as we mentioned, the most expensive painting ever sold at auction was the Salvator Mundi for $450 million. And so I think it's, you know, not so much, Let's look at it and see what would happen if we took scissors to it and divided it up. But just to say, Here we have something of such significance, partly because it has survived 500 years without, you know, being destroyed.. The work, thought to be a 500-year-old portait of Madonna and child, is potentially worth over $150 million (100 million) if experts are able to prove its authenticity. From about 1483 to 1486, he worked on the altar painting The Virgin of the Rocks, a project that led to 10 years of litigation between the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception, which commissioned it, and Leonardo; for uncertain purposes, this legal dispute led Leonardo to create another version of the work in about 1508. Life of Leonardo da Vinci, a Short Biography 1. This wall painting in the Dominican monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, allowed Leonardo to explore how the body communicates inner states of being. In this period, he painted very little and instead focused on his scientific activity, specifically his study of anatomy. His Last Supper (149598) and Mona Lisa (c. 150319) are among the most widely popular and influential paintings of the Renaissance. Both sold at Sotheby's in Monaco on the same date in 1989. The saleroom erupted in cheers and applause. Fifty-fivefive-point-five million dollars to start it. Joining me for this is Chase Peterson-Withorn, an editor on the Forbes wealth team. In this episode, we're taking you inside the world of rare books, manuscripts, and Old Masters works to tell you about how we've estimated the value of one very special notebook, with ties to the world's most expensive painting ever sold at auction: the Salvator Mundi. For this notebook, we considered values ranging from $50 million, all the way up to $4 billion. As he would throughout his life, Leonardo set boundless goals for himself; if one traces the outlines of his work for this period, or for his life as a whole, one is tempted to call it a grandiose unfinished symphony.. In 1493 the clay model of the horse was put on public display on the occasion of the marriage of Emperor Maximilian to Bianca Maria Sforza, and preparations were made to cast the colossal figure, which was to be 16 feet (5 metres) high. TINDERA: So back in November 1994, Microsoft cofounder Bill Gates was 39 years old and pretty much at the top of his game. TINDERA: Robert Simon is perhaps best known in the art world for having a very close connection to a painting that is synonymous with money, power and controversy: the Salvator Mundi. For those who don't know it, it's a painting of Christ that sold at a Christie's auction in 2017 for $450 million, which is by far the most expensive work of art that's ever sold at auction. PETERSON-WITHORN: Yeah, when I heard about that $12 million sale, I remembered that the Codex had about 360 illustrations inside of it. And seeing these works enjoyed by people all over the world. And to put into perspective, how much less art sold for 40 years ago, the sale of the Codex was the fifth-highest price for any piece of art sold at auction ever. A Leonardo, even one as dulled as this, could prove an amusing conversation piece. He said that he would guess that if the Codex were to go up for auction again, the auction estimate for the item might be $150 million. That included footing the bill for not only the Codex he purchased for the $5 million in 1980, but also the tens of millions of dollars spent creating his own art museum in Los Angeles. Scholars have been unable to agree in their attributions of these works. TINDERA: That's Gates talking for a video posted on his blog a few years ago, around the time that he exhibited the Codex Leicester in some museums in Europe. This means the Codex is certainly one of the world's most valuable pieces of art. Earlier this summer, very fittingly, as the country's oldest auction house, they sold a copy of the Declaration of Independence for $4.4 million. But as it turned out, he also had his own personal connection to the Codex. On permanent display at the Louvre in Paris, the Mona Lisa was assessed at US$100 million on 14 December 1962. Despite the excitement over the sale of the only Leonardo in private hands queues of people had formed around Rockefeller Center in New York to see the canvas many in the art world had wondered if the piece would find a buyer. Head of anApostle. In particular, Qi Baishi's Twelve Landscape Screens was sold for $140.8 million in 2017. [note 1] Where necessary, the price is first converted to dollars using the exchange rate at the time the painting was sold. Two of his most important worksthe Battle of Anghiari and the Leda, neither of them completedhave survived only in copies. During his second period in Florence (1500-1508), he painted his most famous work, the Mona Lisa (ca. The Netflix series This Is a Robbery delves into the 1990 theft of masterworks including a Rembrandt from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. Art restorer Dianne Modestini in a scene from The Lost Leonardo, one of two new documentaries about the Salvator Mundi (Credit: Sony Pictures Classics/Entertainment Pictures). So next, we decided to try some sources who not only know Old Masters works, but they know da Vinci really well. All episodes of the Art Bust podcast are available now. [5], The list is incomplete with respect to sales between private parties, as these are not always reported and, even if they are, details like the purchase price may remain secret. The paintings transferred to the dealers include a late, Alan Bond could not pay off the painting, and. This possibly-Leonardo treasure's route to fame began when it surfaced at an obscure New Orleans auction house in 2005 and was bought by two New York dealers for a measly $1,175. Bin Salman himself visited President Emmanuel Macron in Paris while the loan was dangling in the balance. Not everyone is a fan. Thanks for having me. CBS CLIP, BILL GATES: Well, that's simply based on taking the stock I own in Microsoft and doing some type of multiplication. In 1472 Leonardo was accepted into the painters guild of Florence, but he remained in his teachers workshop for five more years, after which time he worked independently in Florence until 1481. The New York Times confirmed rumours that the Louvre wouldn't accede to bin Salman's demand that his painting be displayed in the same room as the Mona Lisa, giving it near-equal status. a 2011 exhibition at the National Gallery in London, Art Bust: Scandalous Stories of the Art World, Kim Kardashian was photographed next to it. Four hundred million selling here at Christies. Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, and Andy Warhol are the best-represented artists in the list. A jump to $400m. Before Rybolovlev, Salvator Mundi had been owned by a consortium of dealers including Alexander Parish, who had picked it up for $10,000 at an estate sale in the US in 2005, and had had it restored and authenticated. DETAILS BELOW Leonardo da Vinci (born April 15, 1452) is famous for being painter. Fifty-five hundred to start. TINDERA: That's Darren Winston. Then we look at the condition, and we base the condition on what's in our hands, and how you look at a book thats 150, 170 years old. Finding a new one is rarer than finding a new planet, he said. Read about our approach to external linking. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. There is hardly a person on this planet that doesn't know about this artwork. A scene from Saviour for Sale, a second documentary about the Salvator Mundi, by French journalist Antoine Vitkine (Credit: Zadig Productions). At the press conference, Artnews reported, Gouzer spoke of the exceptional rarity of a work by Leonardo. PETERSON-WITHORN: So I thought this was super fascinating that you could actually consider a work of art as something that could not only hold value and appreciate in value, but could also be a business, generating income for its owner over time. Any more? The writings in his notebooks suggest that he may have been a vegetarian, and there is also some speculation that he may have been gay. And how does that help us come up with a number for today? People who often would never get a chance to visit the great museums of the world. The auction house would not reveal the identity of the buyer or even the region from which they came. CLIP OF BILL GATES: Taking Leonardo's notebook and translating them so everybody can understand the way that da Vinci thought a little better than before is very important. Probably, they knew there was room before the end of the competition., They wanted to get the job done quicker, but it still took a long time.. On the telephone in this room at $28 million. Within two days he sold it to Rybolovlev for $127.5 million. Leonardo grew up on his fathers familys estate, where he was treated as a legitimate son and received the usual elementary education of that day: reading, writing, and arithmetic. PETERSON-WITHORN: And in fact, that fall he had just appeared atop our Forbes 400 ranking of the richest Americans, with an estimated net worth of $9.35 billion. Self-portrait as Archangel Gabriel unveiled, Queen's Leonardo da Vinci drawings to be shown across UK cities, Salvator Mundi by Leonardo Da Vinci before and after restoration. In the days leading up the the sale, Christies produced a video of celebrities viewing the work, among them Leonardo DiCaprio and Patti Smith. We asked Robert, if the Codex if it went up for sale again, could it compete with the Mundi's price? In The Lost Leonardo, a grinning Bouvier says his exploits are just business as usual: "you buy low and you sell high." Before this, the highest absolute price paid for a painting was 8.1 million (20.4 million in 2021 currency) paid by the J. Paul Getty Museum for Andrea Mantegna's Adoration of the Magi at Christie's in London on 18 April 1985. To him, it was just his collection of scientific observations and illustrations and writings, mostly focused on the study of water. The first question we're asking, but we're going to ask it again is, What are we actually looking at? If it's a first edition of Moby Dick, that's a great thing to have. Guinness World Records lists Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa as having the highest ever insurance value for a painting. The artwork alone garners thousands of visitors from around the world to the famous gallery it is placed in - the . TINDERA: Simon shared with us his own process for how he estimated the fair market value in the appraisal he put together nearly 30 years ago. Leonardo da Vinci not only developed his skill in drawing, painting and sculpting during his apprenticeship, but through others working in and around the studio, he picked up knowledge in such diverse fields as mechanics, carpentry, metallurgy, architectural drafting and chemistry. Leonardo da Vinci was described as having a gracious but reserved personality and an elegant bearing. It looks interesting. PETERSON-WITHORN: The person who ended up winning the auction was Armand Hammer, the 82-year-old multimillionaire chairman of oil and gas giant Occidental Petroleum. PETERSON-WITHORN: Given Simon's connections to the Salvator Mundi, and his experience running a gallery of Old Masters works, he seemed like an excellent source to speak with for this valuation. A New York Times story on the sale remarked that it was the highest price ever paid at auction for a manuscript. As a painter, Leonardo completed six works in the 17 years in Milan. There are all sorts of factors that come into play: condition, provenance. You can't really show it offwhether it's to your best friends or in a museum if you're a public institution. However, other critics have disagreed with the truth of that claim. In 1472 Leonardo was accepted into the painters guild of Florence, but he remained in his teachers workshop for five more years, after which time he worked independently in Florence until 1481. Early Life: Verrocchio's Pupil. SIMON: These went into the mix. Guinness World Records lists Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa as having the highest ever insurance value for a painting. The ensuing war left the clay model a heap of ruins. Here are 20 of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous paintings: Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci. Self Portrait by Leonardo da Vinci. The Virgin and Child with St Anne was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1510. Simon's connection to the painting is that back in 2005, he and a colleague actually sort of rediscovered the painting, which was in terrible condition. WINSTON: So once we've deduced that it's a first edition because it meets all of this criteria. And if you liked this story,sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter, called The Essential List. MASSEY: Nineteen-million five hundred thousand I'll be happy to take. And then there's also rarity, or how rare this exact copy or version of a book or manuscript is. Taking inflation into account, the 1962 value would be around US$900 million in 2021.[3]. MASSEY: Twenty-seven million. PETERSON-WITHORN: And in fact, that fall he had just appeared atop our Forbes 400 ranking of the richest Americans, with an estimated net worth of $9.35 billion. As a master artist, Leonardo maintained an extensive workshop in Milan, employing apprentices and students. The painting disappeared from 1763 until 1900, when it was bought by Sir Charles Robinson as a work by Bernardino Luini, a follower of Leonardo. The source says he advised the government that "exhibiting under the Saudi conditions would be like laundering a piece that cost $450 million". Oil tycoon Armand Hammer bought it that year, and 14 years later, Gates bought it at another auction. Georgia O'Keeffe holds the record for the highest price paid for a painting by a woman. ", https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/art/art-sales-russian-buyers-inject-confidence-into-old-master-marke/, Picasso piece sets record for art sold at auction, qatar may have purchased Warhol's 'Eight Elvises', "Nahmads confirm Picasso's $115m flower girl will go to Paris", "Rockefeller Picasso sells for $115 million including feesauthor=Robert Frank", "DIC Sells 'Anna's Light' Painting For Y10.3bn Gain", "Regarding extraordinary profit associated with the sale of a certain painting owned by the company and revision of its consolidated operating result forecast", "How Basquiat Became the $60 Million Man", "A Basquiat Sells for 'Mind-Blowing' $110.5 Million at Auction", A Monet Sells for $110.7 Million, an Auction High for an Impressionist Work, "Qatar bought Ford House's $100-million Cezanne", "$100M for Czanne painting? Leonardo spent 17 years in Milan, until Ludovicos fall from power in 1499. That is still a question. The role of most of these associates is unclear, leading to the question of Leonardos so-called apocryphal works, on which the master collaborated with his assistants. And flipping through this copy, I have to say, I cant read a word of this. The film doesn't take a stand on the painting's attribution, but makes it clear that museums, dealers and potential buyers had millions to gain along with incalculable prestige by choosing to believe it is a true Leonardo. So if Saudi Arabia decides that culture is going to be the way it opens up and the Salvator Mundi is going to be a key player in that strategy and the Louvre is offering to exhibit it, then all those things are tied up together.". His shares were of limited value when he was given them, but by the time of Facebook's IPO they were valued at around $200 million. So, they decided to hold an auction through Christie's, and it took place in London in December 1980. In New York last night, he said he had never doubted the piece would break records. A lost painting by Leonardo da Vinci may have been found in a Scottish farmhouse, reported The Daily Mail. It then disappeared again until it was bought at a small U.S. auction house in 2005. SIMON: It's a truly horrific prospect. The abrupt $20m and $30m jumps in price were indeed unusual, Cerutti confirmed. Last Supper (c. 1495-98) Leonardo da Vinci: Last Supper Images Group/REX/Shutterstock.com. He had an exceedingly inquisitive mind and made strenuous efforts to become erudite in languages, natural science, mathematics, philosophy, and history, among other subjects. The disciples, devastated by Christ stating one of them would cause his death, convey their feelings dramatically through their body language. There is so much information in the public sphere that everyone can have the illusion of being an insider. Hence, every phenomenon perceived became an object of knowledge, and saper vedere (knowing how to see) became the great theme of his studies. Top 10 most expensive works of art sold at auction - in pictures, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Moment Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi sells for record-breaking $400m - video, Salvator Mundi painting by Leonardo Da Vinci before and after restoration, Leonardo's Vitruvian Man can go to the Louvre, court rules, Leonardo and Raphael art swap marks end of France-Italy spat, Short of imagination: Germaine Greer scorns Leonardo da Vincis art, Leonardo da Vinci events marred by Italy and France row, Rare Leonardo da Vinci notebook to go on show at British Library, World's most expensive painting is authentic Leonardo, insists expert, Louvre Abu Dhabi postpones display of Leonardo's Salvator Mundi, Leonardo scholar challenges attribution of $450m painting, Leonardo's earliest surviving work? PETERSON-WITHORN: Thanks for listening to Priceless. TINDERA: Hammer is also the great-grandfather of Hollywood actor Armie Hammer. In both films, Luke Syson, the curator of the show, stands by his decision. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Here's how much the artwork is worth! St John the Baptist by Leonardo da Vinci. Paintings are listed only once, i.e. The Battle of Anghiari by Leonardo da Vinci. MASSEY: Still with me then at five-million five hundred thousand, five-million eight hundred thousand, five-million eight hundred thousand. Because at the end of the day, it's an entertaining story.". The Louvre very much wanted to include it in its grand exhibition to celebrate Leonardo's 500th anniversary in 2019. Kenneth Griffin acquired it in 2004 from Wynn. The winning bidder would later be revealed to be Saudi Arabia's Prince. And that was the process. ", Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi was sold by Christie's in 2017 for a record-breaking $450 million (Credit: Photo by Ilya S Savenok/Getty Images for Christie's Auction House). I'll give everyone time. How many Leonardo da Vinci paintings are there? In 1982, he appeared on our list with an estimated net worth of $150 million. The triptych had probably been reassembled by the Italian collector Francesco De Simone Niquesa, but were resold to a person in the US before 2013, This is the small version of the painting; the large version is at the. While dozens of manuscripts like the Codex have managed to survive the centuries intact, the Codex Leicester is the only da Vinci notebook that is still in private hands. What Gouzer may have meant is that buyers prepared to spend in excess of $100m on artwork exist in the modern and contemporary fields. The world's most expensive painting to sell at auction is Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi, which sold for $450.3 million on November 15, 2017 at Christie's.Shattering previous records and exceeding auction expectations, the sale underscored market demand for the artist's rare auction appearances, and the competition among collectors to own a work of such caliber and distinction. Inside besides da Vinci's writings, there are also about 360 drawings and diagrams throughout the manuscript. But many experts think she did a drastic over-restoration. SIMON: The Codex is something that for most of the year, let's say you have to keep it under lock and key and out of the light. TINDERA: I'm Michela Tindera, and this is Priceless. Leonardo da Vinci, (Italian: Leonardo from Vinci) (born April 15, 1452, Anchiano, near Vinci, Republic of Florence [Italy]died May 2, 1519, Cloux [now Clos-Luc], France), Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer whose skill and intelligence, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. However, weeks after the grand opening of his museum, where he planned to showcase the Codex and other art he had collected over the years, Hammer died at the age of 92. At 18 million in this room. But there would, there are people in the world that would probably do that.
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