However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. Moreover, Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. 7 Topics . Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. ! This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. (PDF) Nigeria: a model of federalist ethnic conflict management or PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca /Type /Page politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Historical experience 3.2 2. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. Federalism Complicates the Response to the COVID-19 Health and Economic /Type /XObject In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Hon. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . stream Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Federalism in India. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. PDF Federalism, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Higher ff>qsfN? The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. welcome, and thanks for reading us. It is our pleasure. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? Federalism - Federal Features of Indian Constitution For UPSC! In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? by the federal or any state government. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. >> International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management (eds. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. 1. PDF Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model - UNPA The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. /F2 9 0 R This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. s" Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. 2. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. >> In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. 74 . It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization.
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