Jerrett Brown of Sumter, Alabama: 540 slaves. The slaveholder hired William Barret Travis, a local lawyer, in an attempt to retrieve the men. One of the resolutions challenged Bradburn for "advising and procuring servants to quit the service of their masters, and offering them protection; causing them to labor for his benefits, and refusing to compensate them for the same. The slaves were owned by Julien Devereux and used to work an almost 11,000-acre plantation. Mrs. Mary C. Stirling/Sterling, Pointe Coupee (2), Louisiana: 338 slaves. The cotton industry flourished in East Texas, where enslaved labor became most widely used. A Special Interest Group (SIG) of the Dallas Genealogical Society Texas was a colonial territory, then part of Mexico, later Republic in 1836, and U.S. state in 1845. Truly giant slaveholders such as Robert and D. G. Mills, who owned more than 300 slaves in 1860 (the largest holding in Texas), had plantations in this area, and the population resembled that of the Old South's famed Black Belt. %PDF-1.6 % Shortly before 1858 he moved from Mississippi to Texas with his wife, Mary, and five children. Eliza Denwoo Henry David Rhodes, planter, was born in Alabama about 1819. Many owners encouraged worship, primarily on the grounds that it would teach proper subjection and good behavior. The province continued to attract free blacks and escaped enslaved people from the Southern United States. The Mexican government was opposed to slavery, but even so, there Thomas Justice 2 11. Slavery was also vital socially because it reflected basic racial views. The number [31], By 1850, the enslaved population in Texas had increased to 58,161; in 1860 there were 182,566 enslaved, 30 percent of the total population. Several enslaved people ran away to serve with Mexican forces. WebSouth Carolina's slave population in 1790 was 107,094, around 43 percent of the state population; by 1860 it was 402,406, around 57 percent of the total population. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/slavery. Dirt floors were common, and beds attached to the walls were the only standard furnishings. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. D. F. Kenner, Ascension, Louisiana: 473 slaves. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. Although the law contained some recognition of their humanity, slaves in Texas had the legal status of personal property. This was 15 percent of the total 2,992 people living in Spanish Texas. Negro Legislators of Texas and Their Descendants: a history of the Negro in Texas Politics from Reconstruction to Disfanchisement. The men sold enslaved people to James Bowie and others, who brought them directly to a customhouse and informed on themselves. Anderson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Austin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Bastrop County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Bell County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Bexar County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Bosque County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Brazos County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Burleson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Caldwell County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 12, 2), Cass County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Chambers County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Cherokee County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Collin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Cooke County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Dallas County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), DeWitt County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Ellis County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Falls County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Fannin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Fayette County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Fort Bend County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Freestone County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Galveston County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Gonzales County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Grayson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Guadalupe County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 1), Harris County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 4, 0), Harrison County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 6, 1), Hays County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Hill County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Hopkins County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Houston County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Johnson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Kaufman County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Lavaca County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Leon County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Madison County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Marion County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Matagorda County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), McLennan County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Milam County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Montgomery County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 5, 0), Nacogdoches County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Navarro County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Nueces County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Panola County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 12, 2), Polk County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Red River County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 4, 0), Rusk County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Sabine County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), San Augustine County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Shelby County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 9, 3), Smith County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Tarrant County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Titus County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Travis County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Tyler County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Upshur County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Walker County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Washington County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Wharton County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0). Included are land grant requests, wills, and testaments, letters of freedom and contracts of the sale of slaves. Only one in every four families in antebellum Texas owned slaves, but these slaveholders, especially the planters who held twenty or more slaves, generally constituted the state's wealthiest class. Every penny counts! [54] The drop in proportion of population reflected greatly-increased European immigration to the state in the 19th century, as well as population growth. One result was the Turtle Bayou Resolutions, which were an explanation of the grievances that had led to the disturbances. We need your support because we are a non-profit organization that relies upon contributions from our community in order to record and preserve the history of our state. [10], When the United States purchased Louisiana in 1803, Spain declared that any enslaved person who crossed the Sabine River into Texas would be automatically freed. The use of slavery expanded in the mid-nineteenth century as White American settlers, primarily from the Southeastern United States, crossed the Sabine River and brought enslaved people with them. The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this entry. LEVI JORDAN HISTORY Levi Jordan arrived in Texas in 1848. Such documents include censuses, marriage records, and medical records. "Mike" Campbell, As is apparent from the attached list of slave owners on this web site, many people in the county who owned slaves only had one or two. [11], In 1829, Mexico abolished slavery, but it granted an exception until 1830 to Texas. 2008 - 2023 INTERESTING.COM, INC. African American Museum, Dallas After, ORourke shared his reaction on the blog site. Levi Anderson 1 13. In 1751, after three Frenchmen were found to have settled along the Trinity River to trade with the American Indians, the Spanish arrested and expelled them from the colony. I look at this and many of these opportunities as a place to teach and educate our country on our history because this is a part of our history that weve often sort of tucked under the rug or didnt give the details of that history, Berry says. Web1800 Slave Owners 1. To circumvent the law, numerous Anglo-American colonists converted their enslaved people to indentured servants, but with life terms. Col. Joshua John Ward of Georgetown, South Carolina: But Texas was once the site of an illegal racket led by pirates who brought slaves into the state and sold them throughout the United The average price of a slave, regardless of age, sex, or condition, rose from approximately $400 in 1850 to nearly $800 by 1860. In 1900, African Americans comprised 20% of the state's population of 3,048,710. WebReturn to Slave Manifests main page Click on each Slave name to view information on that voyage. [16] That year, the American Stephen F. Austin was granted permission by Mexican authorities to bring Anglo settlers into Texas. Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Texas, Slave Owners]] . Favorable conditions for free blacks continued into the 1830s. African-, Afro-Americans throughout the Americas / Black History - Master Project, Black Washingtons of Pope's Creek Plantation, Virginia, Somerset Place Plantation, North Carolina, 9 of the Biggest Slave Owners in American History, Standing in Way of Alabama Walmart: Slave Graves. Vol 3 contains contains mostly translated summaries documenting the Black experience in Texas. The first non-Native slave in Texas was Estevanico, a Moor from North Africa who had been captured and enslaved by the Spanish when he was a child. Donald S. Strong, "The Rise of Negro Voting in Texas," American Political Science Review Vol. [24], Exportation in the slave-owning areas of the state surpassed that of the non-slave-owning areas. William Brittain 1 14. The General Provisions of the Constitution forbade any owner of enslaved people from freeing them without the consent of Congress and forbade Congress from making any law that restricted the slave trade or emancipated slaves. [23] By 1836, there were approximately 5,000 enslaved people in Texas. Yet, they did not live every day in helpless rage. Most escapees joined friendly American Indian tribes, but others settled in the East Texas forests. Officials and Employees At the start of the Civil War, _____ was the commander of Union troops in Texas. WebThe 1783 census for all of Texas listed a total of 36 enslaved people. The system of school support was inadequate, and schools for racial minorities were seriously underfunded. Questions concerning its profitability are complex and always open to debate. [20], Many enslaved people who escaped from slaveholders in Texas or in the United States joined various East Texas Indian tribes. But his response to me opens up a door for families generations of descendants of slaveholders and descendants of slave people to have open dialogue of this institution.. It contains a very significant number of Texas' African-American population. [48], On some plantations, many enslaved people left immediately after hearing of the emancipation, even if their former owners offered to pay them wages. A small minority (about 6 percent) of the slaves in Texas did not belong to farmers or planters but lived instead in the state's towns, working as domestic servants, day laborers, and mechanics (see SLAVERY, URBAN). The disturbances were resolved through a combination of arms and political maneuvering. 2) THIS PATRIOT HAD TWO DAUGHTERS NAMED MARY, ONE BY EACH WIFE; Daniel French Slaughter (October 15, 1799 October 13, 1882) was Virginia planter and politician from two distinguished families of politicians and soldiers.
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